Evaluation of glycolaldehyde as a formaldehyde substitute in urea-based wood adhesives
نویسندگان
چکیده
Glycolaldehyde, produced from cracking of glucose, was tested as a substitute for formaldehyde in urea-based wood adhesives. Initially, different parameters (water content, aldehyde/urea-ratio, curing temperature, and time) were screened to identify the optimal conditions providing highest bond strength. Afterwards, system reformulated 2-component compared urea-formaldehyde system, which showed comparatively low strength resulting resin. Different hardeners tested, AlCl3 an 80% increase resin NH4Cl. Infrared nuclear magnetic resonance analyses performed ensure formation desired aminal network, that hardener essential proper Finally, urea-glycolaldehyde-formaldehyde further indicated major differences between reactivity glycolaldehyde.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bioresources
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1930-2126']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.5769-5784